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Ethiopia WeD Research Programme
Research Project 1
WIDE (2) [1]
Wellbeing and Illbeing Dynamics in Ethiopia
A study in 20 rural sites
conducted by
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
and
ESRC WeD Research Programme University of Bath, UK
SNNP Oromia Tigray Amhara
Gamo: Dooma Arssi: Korodegaga Geblen Wollo: Shumsheha Gurage: Imdibir Haya Gasha Site in Arssi Harresaw N Shewa: Debre Berhan Wolayita: Gara Godo Harerghe: Adele Keke N Shewa: Dinki Kembata: Aze Deboa S Shewa: Sirbana Godeti Gojjam: Yetmen Gedeo: Adado S Shewa: Turufe Kecheme Tsamako: Luca E. Shewa (Kereyu): Gelcha Site near Jima Site near Bako?
Research Project 2: In-Depth Exploration of Ethiopian Poverty (DEEP): Mixed-method research over a year or more in 4 of the WIDE sites (those underlined above) 2004-2005. Research projects help to objectively look at reality, to find a correlation or vice versa, to refute certain theses. Thus, when researching Ethiopia, involve many possible resources, refer to https://order-essays.com/write-my-discussion-post/ with the write my discussion post for me request to better reflect reality.
Research Project 3: The Recent History and Dynamics of Poverty, Inequality and Subjective Being in Ethiopia (Ethiopia WeD Country Study). MODULES PROTOCOLS
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
Objective:
To achieve an preliminary view of the ways in which local people think about and experience wellbeing, illbeing and inequality
Areas of concern
1. Social differences between people 2. Life experiences of people in different locally-defined social positions 3. Similarities and differences in what matters to people in different locally-defined social positions 4. The social networks of importance to different kinds of people 5. Key forms of social organisation within and beyond the community
Methods People: Protocol 1M: A group of two or more active and well-informed men Protocol 1F: A group of two or more active and well-informed women
Life histories Protocol 2M: Men selected from local social categories related to age and poverty likely to be 10. Protocol 2F: Women selected from local social categories related to age and poverty likely to be 10.
What matters Protocol 3M: The same (10?) male respondents Protocol 3F: The same (10?) female respondents
Exploring social networks Protocol 4M: The same (10?) male respondents Protocol 4F: The same (10?) female respondents
Social organisation Protocol 5M: Any man or group of men who has lived in the site for a long time and who is active in many parts of the community Protocol 5M: Any man or group of men who has lived in the site for a long time and who is active in many parts of the community
Outputs Grounding information to inform 4-site study. Use of data in Ethiopian country study. Data for other people to use in particular the IFPRI/CSAE/AAU economists. If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use. MODULE 2: SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
Objectives:
Areas of concern We currently have little understanding of how important local social networks and organisations (described in responses to Module 1) are constructed and work, nor of their structuration. This module is designed as an initial exploration of relationships.
Exploration of networks (3 or 4): Protocol 1M: One of the leaders of the network; an ordinary member; a man who is not a member Protocol 1F: One of the leaders of the network; an ordinary member; a woman who is not a member
Exploration of institutions (3 or 4) Protocol 2M: A key man in the maintenance of the institution; an ordinary man affected by the institution in a good way; an ordinary man affected in a bad way. Protocol 2F: A key woman in the maintenance of the institution; an ordinary woman affected by the institution in a good way; an ordinary woman affected in a bad way.
Exploration of organisations (3) Protocol 3M: One of the leaders of the organisation; one of the ordinary members of the organisation; a man who is not a member of the organisation. Protocol 3F: One of the leaders of the organisation; one of the ordinary members of the organisation; a woman who is not a member of the organisation.
Exploration of social structuration Protocol 4M: Sources 1995 Village study; previous modules; observation; conversations. Protocol 4F: Sources 1995 Village study; previous modules; observation; conversations.
Outputs Grounding information to inform 4-site study. Use of data in Ethiopian country study. Data for other people to use in particular the IFPRI/CSAE/AAU economists. If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use.
MODULE 3: SITE HISTORY
Objective:
To explore the key elements and outcomes of social (broadly defined) reproduction and change, particularly since 1991
Areas of concern
1. Social reproduction and change 2. Economic reproduction and change 3. Cultural reproduction and change 4. Political reproduction and change
Methods Social reproduction and change Protocol 1M: A group of two or more active and well-informed men who have lived in the site since 1990 or before. Protocol 1F: A group of two or more active and well-informed women who have lived in the site since 1990 or before.
Economic reproduction and change: Protocol 2M: A group of two or more active and well-informed men who have lived in the site since 1990 or before. Protocol 2F: A group of two or more active and well-informed women who have lived in the site since 1990 or before.
Cultural reproduction and change: Protocol 3M: A group of two or more active and well-informed men who have lived in the site since 1990 or before. Protocol 3F: A group of two or more active and well-informed women who have lived in the site since 1990 or before.
Political reproduction and change: Protocol 4M: A group of two or more active and well-informed men who have lived in the site since 1990 or before. Protocol 4F: A group of two or more active and well-informed women who have lived in the site since 1990 or before.
Outputs Policy briefs. Use of data in Ethiopian country study. Data for other people to use in particular the IFPRI/CSAE/AAU economists. If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use.
MODULE 4: POLICY REGIME INTERFACES
Objectives:
Areas of concern 1. Zonal decentralisation and related political restructuring 2. Resettlement 3. Service co-operative 4. ADLI 5. Land 6. Food aid 7. Education 8. Health including HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 9. Drinking water, sanitation 10. Interventions aimed specifically at women 11. Roads 12. Micro-credit 13. Security, policing and justice 14. Formal and informal taxes including community labour 15. War and conscription 16. Other government policies / donor NGO activities not mentioned 17. History of relief and development interventions
Methods (Only relevant Protocols will be applied) The policy interventions providers Protocol 1M: Kebele leaders The policy interventions other people in the community: Protocol 2M: e.g. rich/medium/poor farmers or pastoralists; landless; craftsman; other non-farmers Protocol 2F: e.g. rich/medium/poor farmers or pastoralists; landless; craftsman; other non-farmers or their wives Decentralisation: Protocol 3M: new and old kebele leaders, government employees, ordinary men Protocol 3F: ditto and/or wives Resettlement: Protocol 4M: past settlers who have returned; relatives of those resettled in past; those planning to go under new resettlement scheme; those left behind by relatives who have resettled; returnees from the new resettlement programme; those who have not participated in any resettlement scheme Protocol 4F: ditto Service cooperatives Protocol 5M: members of SC, those working in it; leaders of SC Protocol 5F ditto and/or wives Agricultural Development-Led Industrialisation Protocol 6M: richer farmers, middle farmers, poorer farmers Protocol 6F: ditto and/or wives Land Protocol 7M: rich farmers, middle farmers, poor farmers, young men, other landless Protocol 7F: female equivalents Food Aid Protocol 8M: poor farmers; other poor men; middle farmers; rich farmers; kebele leaders Protocol 8F: female equivalents Education Protocol 9M: teachers, rich fathers, middle fathers, poor fathers Protocol 9F: female equivalents Health Services Protocol 10M: chronically sick men; men recently suffered/ing from diseases such as malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS etc; elderly men; poor men; wealthy men; formal health service practitioners; traditional and informal health practitioners Protocol 10F: female equivalents Drinking Water and Sanitation Protocol 11M: men who worked on the installations; men whose land rights were affected; men whose wives/children were affected by the installations. Protocol 11F: female equivalents Interventions Aimed Specifically at Women Protocol 12M: older men; young men; rich men; middle men; poor men Protocol 12F: female equivalents Roads Protocol 13M: those working on it; traders; rich men; middle men; poor men Protocol 13F: female equivalents Micro-credit Protocol 14M: rich participants; middle participants; poor participants; those working on the programmes Protocol 14F: female equivalents Security, Policing and Justice Protocol 15M: those affected by violence and other crime; the police; other maintainers of law and order; government judges; traditional dispute resolvers; those who have committed violence and other crimes Protocol 15F: female equivalents; Formal and Informal Taxes Protocol 16M: rich farmers; middle farmers; poor farmers; tax collectors Protocol 16F: female equivalents War and Conscription Protocol 17M: people caught up in the fighting; people affected by the secondary effects of the fighting; conscripts; their relations Protocol 17F: female equivalents Other Protocol 18M: as appropriate Protocol 18F: female equivalents History of All Development and Relief Interventions since 1991 Protocol 19M/F: current kebele leaders; previous kebele officials (since 1991); other likely informants including at least 2 women.
Outputs Papers on policy regime interfaces presented in a Ethiopia WeD panel at the Ethiopian Economics Association Conference planned for June 2004. One-page policy briefs for government and donors. Use of data in Ethiopia country study. Data for other people to use in particular the IFPRI/CSAE/AAU economists. If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use. MODULE 5: CRISES AND LOCAL RESPONSES - men
Objectives1. To understand differential local views of crisis especially over the last ten year and how these relate to universal views
2. To explore differential local responses to the crisis
3. To explore relations between the local and the outside with respect to crises
__________________________________________________________________ Areas of concernThe premise of this module is that we cannot understand poverty issues without gaining a better understanding of crises, factors notably: famine, HIV-AIDS and conflict.
___________________________________________________________________ Methods
Exploration of conceptions of and responses to drought and famine Protocol 1M: joint interview with at least 1 knowledgeable elder and one younger more literate man.
Exploration of womens conceptions and responses to child malnutrition, illness an death Protocol 1F: educated woman with children; richer uneducated woman with children; poorer uneducated woman; traditional birth attendant; women health worker at health post Exploration of conceptions of and responses to HIV-AIDS Protocol 2M: young man, older manProtocol 2F: young woman, older woman
Exploration of conceptions of and responses to conflict Protocol 3M: 2 men or groups young and older Protocol 3F: 2 women or groups young and older
OutputsGrounding information to inform 4 site study Use of data in Ethiopian country study Data for other people to use (all interested in crisis) If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use
NB
As this module concerns a lot of sad data try to be sympathetic and sensitive in asking the questions, and focus on positive local responses.As this module concerns a lot of sensitive data, please reassure informants that the data will be kept entirely confidential, explaining that we want to understand local processes and that this is research independent from government and agencies.
MODULE 6M: GROUNDING WED-RELATED CONCEPTS
Objective:
To explore relevant local cultural repertoires: ways of thinking and experiencing related to key WeD-related concerns
Areas of concern
Cultural repertoires relating to subjective wellbeing, illbeing, quality of life and development
Cultural repertoires relation to harm and suffering
Cultural repertoires relating to human needs
Cultural repertoires relating to resources
Identification of local WeD-defined resources which meet local WeD-defined human needs
Cultural repertoires relating to class (including wealth, poverty and destitution), status, power, and inequality
Methods Wellbeing, illbeing and development Protocol 1M: 2 or 3 better-off men; 2 or 3 worse-off men Protocol 1F: 2 or 3 better-off women; 2 or 3 worse-off women
Harm and suffering Protocol 2M: 2 or 3 better-off men; 2 or 3 worse-off men Protocol 2F: 2 or 3 better-off women; 2 or 3 worse-off women
Human needs Protocol 3M: 2 or 3 better-off men; 2 or 3 worse-off men Protocol 3F: 2 or 3 better-off women; 2 or 3 worse-off women
Resources Protocol 4M: 2 or 3 better-off men; 2 or 3 worse-off men Protocol 4F: 2 or 3 better-off women; 2 or 3 worse-off women
Identifying WeD-defined resources which meet WeD-defined human needs Protocol 5M: 2 or 3 better-off men; 2 or 3 worse-off men Protocol 5F: 2 or 3 better-off women; 2 or 3 worse-off women
Class, status, power and inequality Protocol 6M: older and younger notables and sufferers economic, socio-cultural, political (interviewed separately) Protocol 6F: female equivalents
Outputs Information to inform Module 7 WeD (Ethiopia) paper on the relation between the universal and the local in Ethiopia. Grounding information to inform 4-site study. Use of data in Ethiopian country study. Data for other people to use in particular the IFPRI/CSAE/AAU economists. If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use. MODULE 7: CHANGES IN BEING AND INEQUALITY
Objectives:
Areas of concern
Ways of thinking about and experiences of: Community quality of life Household quality of life Subjective being Class Status Power
Methods
Reported Changes in Ways of Thinking about Subjective Being/Quality of Life Protocol 1M: group of young adult men; group of men young in 1980s; group of men young in 1960s Protocol 1F: group of young adult women; group of women young in 1980s; group of women young in 1960s
Reported Changes in Actual Experiences of Subjective Being/Quality of Life Protocol 2M: group of young adult men; group of men young in 1980s; group of men young in 1960s Protocol 2F: group of young adult women; group of women young in 1980s; group of women young in 1960s
Changes in Criteria of Class, Status and Power Protocol 3M: group of young adult men; group of men young in 1980s; group of men young in 1960s Protocol 3F: group of young adult women; group of women young in 1980s; group of women young in 1960s
Changes in Experiences of Class, Status and Power Protocol 4M: group of young adult men; group of men young in 1980s; group of men young in 1960s Protocol 4F: group of young adult women; group of women young in 1980s; group of women young in 1960s
Outputs WeD (Ethiopia) papers on local understandings and experiences of subjective being and QoL Grounding information to inform 4-site study. Use of data in Ethiopian country study. Data for other people to use in particular the IFPRI/CSAE/AAU economists. If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use. MODULE 8: REVISITING PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
Objectives: 1. To collect examples of local oral literature in order to deepen understanding of local ways of thinking about poverty, inequality and being and their causes. 2. To take photographs of people in different social positions. 3. To produce a short emic description of the ways in which local people think about and experience wellbeing, illbeing, poverty and inequality.
Areas of concern Local beings and understandings
Methods
Oral Wisdom Protocol 1M: any age and status particularly storytellers etc Protocol 1F: ditto
Photographs Protocol 2M and F: Use of everything learned in the field Protocol 3F: Use of everything learned in the field
Outputs Grounding information to inform 4-site study. Use of data in Ethiopian country study. Data for other people to use in particular the IFPRI/CSAE/AAU economists. If successful revised protocols for others to adapt for use.
[1] The WIDE(1) research project was undertaken in 15 of the 20 sites marked in bold above. The Ethiopian Village Studies produced by WIDE(1) are available on http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk |
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